Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and exercise. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes and what products you should completely refuse.
If there is a significant deterioration in well-being, malaise, constant and, moreover, insatiable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially in the area of the legs and groin, you should immediately contact an endocrinologist and undergo an examination. These symptoms signal the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and severe, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with illness. To normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you need to follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
The pathology can develop both in an adult and in a child. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
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What can you drink with diabetes
Most patients try to monitor their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of what drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, juices from the store, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want to drink, you should give preference to the following drinks:
- still mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened juices;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- weak teas;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juices (but only diluted);
- skimmed milk products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. This is why you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic rules for healthy eating
Every diabetic without exception should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with deterioration of overall well-being.
Each diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy should:
- limiting the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reducing calorie intake;
- the use of fortified food;
- five to six meals a day;
- eating at the same time;
- enriching the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweets, especially persimmons and dates);
- eating small portions;
- exclusion of long intervals between meals;
- drawing up a menu, taking into account the GI of the products;
- minimizing salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as semi-finished products and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- the use of cooked, baked and steamed food.
A proper diet is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, must follow a proper and healthy diet:
- To keep insulin levels constant, you need to have a full breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should be done no later than three hours before going to bed.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat warm and moderately cool dishes with diabetes.
- Liquids can be drunk half an hour before meals or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or juices during meals.
- It's important to stick to a routine. Eating five to six meals a day helps prevent blood sugar levels from spiking.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, low-fat dairy products, vegetables and fruits, cereals.
- Diabetics should give up sugar and all products that contain it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of the dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or mineral still water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called "bread unit" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much useful substances will be converted into energy for the body, then the GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It shows how quickly carbohydrate products are digested while raising blood sugar levels.
What diabetics can eat while following a diet and table number 9
Many patients, after hearing the word "diet", perceive it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be kept to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Dietary therapy for disease means limiting caloric intake, consuming complex carbohydrates, and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Food can be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help with both weight management and maintaining normal insulin levels.
Patients are allowed to use the following products:
- From bread. Black bread or products designed for diabetics are preferable. The daily norm is 300 g. The use of grain, whole grain and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is desirable to prepare the first courses in vegetable broths.
- Lean meat (beef, veal, rabbit, chicken) and fish: pike, carp, cod. Any method of preparation, only frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can consume no more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol levels.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, fermented milk, fermented baked milk, natural yogurts).
- Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberries, apples, kiwis. Their consumption helps not only to increase sugar, but also to lower the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (Limited).
- Drinks: juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the most important thing is to observe the measure in everything. Food should not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Approved products for people with an insulin-dependent form
The pathology of the first type or insulin-dependent diabetes is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and is accompanied by an increased appetite. In addition to using insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, dietary meat.
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Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed dietary table No. 9. The diet implies six meals a day, excluding fats, fried foods, spicy, smoked meats, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food prepared in any way except frying.
What not to do with diabetes: permitted and prohibited foods, sample menu
Every person suffering from a serious illness should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with aggravation.
The products presented in the list must be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace it with sweeteners.
- Baking. This type of food is definitely not recommended. In addition to being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood sugar levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and preserves. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fats, mayonnaise.
- Dairy products with a high percentage of fat.
- Semolina and cereal-based products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You can't eat some vegetables with diabetes, but if it doesn't work, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet carbonated water, concentrated or store-bought juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. With any type of diabetes, especially with gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Allowed and prohibited products:
Proper nutrition, along with the introduction of insulin, is the key to good health. Adhering to a diet, as well as using drugs, the patient must be throughout his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat in diabetes.
Allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnip;
- green beans;
- greenery;
- carrots;
- beetroot;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- eggs;
- Forest fruits;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- of bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- low-fat dairy products;
- boiled low-fat sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- Alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- Persimmon;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, biscuits);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- canned foods;
- smoked and sausage products;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fats.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as such products provoke the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful, suitable in composition:
- White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approximate weekly menu
You can make a menu yourself for each day or immediately for the whole week, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is a sample menu for the week.
The first day.
- Morning meal: salad with cucumbers and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
Second day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin milk porridge, jelly.
- Snack: biscuit biscuits.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with baked pollock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: boiled milk.
- Dinner: pumpkin stew, kefir.
Day three.
- Morning meal: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Dinner: milky rice porridge, boiled shrimp, fermented baked milk.
Day four.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Dinner: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
Day five.
- Morning meal: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: an apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage tinsel, boiled milk.
Day six.
- Morning meal: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and biscuits.
- Lunch: soup with pieces of chicken and buckwheat, baked hake, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Dinner: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Day seven.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any allowed fruit.
- Lunch: soup with rice, peppers stuffed with chicken meat, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, stewed cabbage, kefir.
There can be six meals. But the most important thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Dietary therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The main thing to understand is that healthy eating in case of illness is the key to good health and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.